Upon recognition of microbial DNA or self-DNA, the cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) of the
host catalyzes the production of the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP. cGAMP is the main activator …

This article provides an initial assessment of the many risks posed by the COVID-19
pandemic on the conduct of genuine and transparent elections in the world. It begins with …

Despite the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), integrated HIV-1 proviral
DNA cannot be eradicated from an infected individual. HAART is not able to eliminate …

HIV-1 replication in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract causes severe CD4+ T-cell depletion and
disruption of the protective epithelial barrier in the intestinal mucosa, causing microbial …

Abstract Purpose of Review For most people living with HIV (PLWH), treatment with effective
antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in suppression of viremia below the limit of detection of …

The antiapoptotic protein BCL2 inhibits death of HIV-infected cells. Previously, we showed
that the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax selectively kills acutely HIV-infected cells and reduces …

HIV infection requires lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) to control disease progression.
Although ART has greatly extended the life expectancy of persons living with HIV (PWH) …

Rapid detection of microbes is crucial for eliciting an effective immune response. Innate
immune receptors survey the intracellular and extracellular environment for signs of a …

T-cell-mediated immune responses play indispensable roles in the defense against
infectious pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) which can …

TGF-β has been shown to play a differential role in either restricting or aiding HIV infection in
different cell types, however its role in the cervical cells is hitherto undefined. Among …