The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number
of medical conditions; however, the subject remains controversial and no official statements …

Objectives: The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the accuracy of transcranial
Doppler (TCD) compared with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as the reference …

Objective Patent foramen ovale (PFO) can be detected in up to 43% of patients with
cryptogenic cerebral ischemia undergoing investigation with transesophageal …

Background Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a remnant of the fetal circulation present in 20%
of the population. Right‐to‐left shunting (RLS) through a PFO has been linked to the …

Cardioaortic embolism to the brain accounts for approximately 15–30% of ischaemic strokes
and is often referred to as 'cardioembolic stroke'. One-quarter of patients have more than …

Non-invasive Doppler ultrasonographic study of cerebral arteries [transcranial Doppler
(TCD)] has been extensively applied on both outpatient and inpatient settings. It is …

Background Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) plays an important role in
evaluating cardioembolic sources of emboli. The identification of a patent foramen ovale …

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is frequently identified in young patients with cryptogenic
ischaemic stroke. Potential stroke mechanisms include paradoxical embolism from a venous …

Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with cryptogenic stroke is
gaining momentum after the recent publication of four randomized clinical trials suggesting …

Highlights•Definition and embryology of remnants of the right valve of the sinus
venosus.•Differential diagnosis of the right valve of sinus venosus remnants by imaging …