Light is essential for photosynthesis. Nevertheless, its intensity widely changes depending
on time of day, weather, season, and localization of individual leaves within canopies. This …

Carotenoids are mostly C 40 terpenoids, a class of hydrocarbons that participate in various
biological processes in plants, such as photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis …

The effect of various abiotic stresses on photosynthetic apparatus is inevitably associated
with formation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, recent progress on …

This study monitored changes in chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), growth parameters, soil
moisture content, phytochemical content (proline, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, total phenol …

In their natural environment plants and algae are exposed to rapidly changing light
conditions and light intensities. Illumination with high light intensities has the potential to …

Aloe vera L. is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world. In order to determine
the effects of light intensity and water deficit stress on chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence and …

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into biomass and oxygen.
When in excess, light can be dangerous for the photosynthetic apparatus because it can …

Photosystem II (PSII) of photosynthesis catalyzes one of the most challenging reactions in
nature, the light driven oxidation of water and release of molecular oxygen. PSII couples the …

Drought stress (DS) is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and crop
productivity worldwide. It has been established that exogenous spermidine (Spd) stimulates …

Photoprotection is an important strategy adopted by plants to avoid photoinhibition under
stress conditions. However, the way in which photoprotection is regulated is not fully …