In active matter systems, individual constituents convert energy into non-conservative forces
or motion at the microscale, leading to morphological features and transport properties that …

Mechanobiology emerges at the crossroads of medicine, biology, biophysics and
engineering and describes how the responses of proteins, cells, tissues and organs to …

Physical forces and mechanical properties have critical roles in cellular function, physiology
and disease. Over the past decade, atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques have …

The remarkable processes that characterize living organisms, such as motility, self-healing
and reproduction, are fuelled by a continuous injection of energy at the microscale. The field …

Cell–cell junctions are specializations of the plasma membrane responsible for physically
integrating cells into tissues. We are now beginning to appreciate the diverse impacts that …

In plants, the photosynthetic machinery photosystem II (PSII) consists of a core complex
associated with variable numbers of light-harvesting complexes II (LHCIIs). The …

Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells,
tissues, and embryos. Mathematical frameworks have been devised to account for the self …

The minimal structural unit of a solid tumor is a single cell or a cellular compartment such as
the nucleus. A closer look inside the cells reveals that there are functional compartments or …

We review the general hydrodynamic theory of active soft materials that is motivated in
particular by biological matter. We present basic concepts of irreversible thermodynamics of …

Embryonic cells grow in environments that provide a plethora of physical cues, including
mechanical forces that shape the development of the entire embryo. Despite their …