The vagus nerve plays an important role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, which
includes reflex pathways that regulate cardiac function. The link between vagus nerve …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice and a
major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although the fundamental mechanisms underlying …

Contraction of the left ventricle is precisely coordinated by the His-Purkinje system, which
rapidly conducts electrical excitation to the myocardium. This system ensures that fiber …

In this study, we examined the possible immune-mediated mechanisms in cardiorenal
syndrome (CRS) type 1 pathogenesis. We enrolled 40 patients with acute heart failure …

Objectives: We investigated the relationship between plasma lipoprotein (a)[Lp (a)] level and
long-term prognosis, cardiovascular events, or pure leg events (LE) in patients with …

Background: Not all heart failure (HF) patients benefit from cardiac resynchronization
therapy (CRT). We assessed whether choosing the site of left ventricular (LV) pacing by a …

Background The adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue or body fats, are also called
adipocytokines which are cytokines, cell signaling proteins or cell–cell communication …

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex multistage syndrome that has a great financial
burden on human societies. It was known that the damaged myocardium sends a signal to …

The network of cytokines consists one of the most extensively studied signaling systems of
human body. Cytokines appear to modulate pathogenesis and progress of many different …

Background Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) has been associated with a better left
ventricle reverse remodeling response and improved clinical outcomes after cardiac …