A growing preclinical and clinical body of work on the effects of chronic drug use and drug
addiction has extended the scope of inquiry from the putative reward-related subcortical …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by a compulsion to seek and consume
one or more substances of abuse, with a perceived loss of control and a negative emotional …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a growing public health concern with only a limited
number of approved treatments. However, even approved treatments are subject to limited …

Impairments in response inhibition and salience attribution (iRISA) have been proposed to
underlie the clinical symptoms of drug addiction as mediated by cortico-striatal-thalamo …

Background Whereas acute nicotine administration alters brain function which may, in turn,
contribute to enhanced attention and performance, chronic cigarette smoking is linked with …

Drug abuse is a serious problem worldwide. Owing to intermittent intake of certain
substances and the early inconspicuous clinical symptoms, this brings huge challenges for …

Background: Mounting evidence has revealed an inverse association between cigarette
smoking and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Meanwhile, cigarette smoking has been …

Background Smoking during early adulthood results in neurophysiological and brain
structural changes that may promote nicotine dependence later in life. Previous studies have …

Neuroanatomical abnormalities have been reported along a continuum from at-risk stages,
including high schizotypy, to early and chronic psychosis. However, a comprehensive …

The insula has been implicated in cognitive control and craving, all of which are critical to
the clinical manifestations of nicotine dependence. However, little evidence exists about the …