It is predicted that Japan and European Union will soon experience appreciable decreases
in their populations due to persistently low total fertility rates (TFR) below replacement level …

In the early 1950s, Austin and Chang independently described the changes that are
required for the sperm to fertilize oocytes in vivo. These changes were originally grouped …

The reaction of CO2 with H2O to form bicarbonate (HCO3−) and H+ controls sperm motility
and fertilization via HCO3−-stimulated cAMP synthesis. A complex network of signaling …

Mammalian sperm cells must respond to cues originating from along the female
reproductive tract and from the layers of the egg in order to complete their fertilization …

After leaving the testis, spermatozoa have not yet acquired the ability to move progressively
and are unable to fertilize oocytes. To become fertilization competent, they must go through …

Steroid hormone progesterone released by cumulus cells surrounding the egg is a potent
stimulator of human spermatozoa. It attracts spermatozoa towards the egg and helps them …

Olfactory receptors (ORs) are not exclusively expressed in the olfactory sensory neurons;
they are also observed outside of the olfactory system in all other human tissues tested to …

The cation channel of sperm (CatSper) is essential for sperm motility and fertility,. CatSper
comprises the pore-forming proteins CATSPER1–4 and multiple auxiliary subunits …

A proper dialogue between spermatozoa and the egg is essential for conception of a new
individual in sexually reproducing animals. Ca2+ is crucial in orchestrating this unique event …

The genetic bases and molecular mechanisms involved in the assembly and function of the
flagellum components as well as in the regulation of the flagellar movement are not fully …