Air pollution is an important cause of non-communicable diseases globally with particulate
matter (PM) as one of the main air pollutants. PM is composed of microscopic particles that …

Particulate matter (PM) is a key indicator of air pollution brought into the air by a variety of
natural and human activities. As it can be suspended over long time and travel over long …

The impact of chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an
aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2. 5)) on respiratory disease and …

Background Evidence of the effects of long-term fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) exposure on
cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is rare for populations exposed to high levels of PM2. 5 in …

Clinical and epidemiological studies demonstrate that short-and long-term exposure to air
pollution increases mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Given the …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become a serious threat to human life and health.
Though many drugs acting via different mechanism of action are available in the market as …

An escalating body of epidemiologic and clinical research provides compelling evidence
that exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution contributes to the development of …

Background Both short-and long-term exposures to fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.
5) are associated with mortality. However, whether the associations exist at levels below the …

In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on “Air Pollution and
Cardiovascular Disease” concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution …

PM2. 5 is a frequently studied particulate matter metric, due to its wide range of identified
overall adverse health effects, particularly cardiovascular health risks. However, there are no …