The term thiazide is universally understood to refer to diuretics that exert their principal
action in the distal tubule. The thiazide class is heterogenous and can be further subdivided …

Resistant hypertension (RH) is a severe form of hypertension associated with increased
cardiovascular risk. Although true RH affects less than 10% of the patients receiving …

BACKGROUND: Chlorthalidone has proven efficacy to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality, yet it is infrequently used in practice. This study provides a direct comparison of …

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) constitutes the leading global cause of mortality and morbidity.
Although significant progress has been achieved in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis …

Recent studies reported the association between increased risk of nonmelanoma skin
cancers (NMSCs) and the use of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), one of the most commonly …

The global prevalence of hypertension is high, and among nonpregnant adults in the United
States, treatment of hypertension is the most common reason for office visits and for the use …

Water constitutes about 60% of the average adult body weight and is responsible for many
physiological processes in the human body. Thus, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is …

Sodium is the main cation in the extracellular space. In physiological conditions, sodium
concentration in plasma is 135–145 mmol/l. The kidneys play the most important role in the …

The updated scientific statement by the American Heart Association has defined resistant
hypertension (HTN; RH) as uncontrolled blood pressure (BP)≥ 130/80 mmHg, despite …

N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis reaction protocol is disclosed for the synthesis of phthalidyl
sulfonohydrazones. A broad range of N-tosyl hydrazones react effectively with …