The treatment of cancer with proton radiation therapy was first suggested in 1946 followed
by the first treatments in the 1950s. As of 2020, almost 200 000 patients have been treated …

Helium ion beam therapy for the treatment of cancer was one of several developed and
studied particle treatments in the 1950s, leading to clinical trials beginning in 1975 at the …

In the past 100 years, external beam energy for the treatment of cancer has continually
evolved. Two main modes have been developed. The first is radiotherapy which involves …

Abstract FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH‐RT) is an emerging ultra‐high dose (> 40 Gy/s)
delivery that promises to improve the therapeutic potential by limiting toxicities compared to …

Prompt gamma ray in proton therapy is the product of a nuclear reaction between a proton
and a target. The characteristic energies and intensities of prompt gamma lines can be used …

As medical facilities are usually built at urban areas, special concrete aggregates and
evaluation methods are needed to optimize the design of concrete walls by balancing …

Various atomic and nuclear methods use hard (high-energy) X-rays to detect elements. The
current study aims to investigate the hard X-ray production rate via high-energy proton beam …

Proton therapy of prostate cancer (PCPT) was linked with increased levels of gastrointestinal
toxicity in its early use compared to intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The higher …

Abstract Regardless of advanced Prompt Gamma (PG) techniques developed to monitor
proton range in-vivo, poor PG statistics downgrade the potential of their clinical …

Objective. Prompt gamma photon, prompt x-ray, and induced positron imaging are possible
methods for observing a proton beam's shape from outside the subject. However, since …