Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a central component in signaling networks in a
multitude of mammalian cell types. This review covers recent advances on specific functions …

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a fulminant complication of multiple etiologies, characterized by
rapid hepatic destruction, multi-organ failure and mortality. ALF treatment is mainly limited to …

Modulation of neurotransmission by the monoamines dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE),
and serotonin (5-HT) is critical for normal nervous system function. Precise temporal and …

Natural and drug rewards act on the same neural pathway, the mesolimbic dopaminergic
system. In brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area, drugs …

Background: Substance use disorder emerges in a small proportion of drug users and has
the characteristics of a chronic relapsing pathology. Aims: Our study aimed to demonstrate …

The family members of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) mediate a wide variety
of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. p38 MAPKs are key signaling …

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in the era of combination antiretroviral
therapy are primarily manifested as impaired behaviours, glial activation/neuroinflammation …

Social interaction in an alternative context can be beneficial against drugs of abuse. Stress
is known to be a risk factor that can exacerbate the effects of addictive drugs. In this study …

Drug addiction shares brain mechanisms and molecular substrates with learning and
memory processes, such as the stimulation of glutamate receptors and their downstream …

Epilepsy is a chronic nervous system disease. Excessive increase of the excitatory
neurotransmitter glutamate in the body results in an imbalance of neurotransmitters and …