Humans, like all mammals, partition their daily behaviour into activity (wakefulness) and rest
(sleep) phases that differ largely in their metabolic requirements. The circadian clock …

Background: The circadian timing system or circadian clock plays a crucial role in many
biological processes, such as the sleep-wake cycle, hormone secretion, cardiovascular …

Insulin and glucagon secreted from the pancreas with dynamic balance play a vital role in
regulating blood glucose levels. Although distinct glucose-responsive insulin delivery …

Glucose levels in blood must be constantly maintained within a tight physiological range to
sustain anabolism. Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis via its effects on glucose …

The circadian system serves one of the most fundamental properties present in nearly all
organisms: it generates 24-h rhythms in behavioral and physiological processes and …

Organisms experience dramatic fluctuations in demands and stresses over the course of the
day. In order to maintain biological processes within physiological boundaries, mechanisms …

Circadian rhythms occur in almost all species and control vital aspects of our physiology,
from sleeping and waking to neurotransmitter secretion and cellular metabolism …

Modern lifestyle has profoundly modified human sleep habits. Sleep duration has shortened
over recent decades from 8 to 6.5 hours resulting in chronic sleep deprivation. Additionally …

The circadian clock is an endogenous biological timekeeping system that synchronizes
physiology and behavior to day/night cycles. A wide variety of processes throughout the …

The incidence of the metabolic syndrome represents a spectrum of disorders that continue to
increase across the industrialized world. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute …