Formal methods are mathematically based techniques for the rigorous development of
software-intensive systems. The railway signaling domain is a field in which formal methods …

Formal methods and supporting tools have a long record of success in the development of
safety-critical systems. However, no single tool has emerged as the dominant solution for …

Automatic train control systems are complex and software-intensive cyber–physical systems.
Hazard prediction at runtime for such systems has emerged as an essential research topic …

The railway sector has seen a large number of successful applications of formal methods
and tools. However, up-to-date, structured information about the industrial usage and needs …

Formal methods and tools have a long history of successful applications in the design of
safety-critical railway products. However, most of the experiences focused on the application …

Formal methods and tools have been widely applied to the development of railway systems
during the last decades. However, no universally accepted formal framework has emerged …

We present a case study on the application of formal methods in the railway domain. The
case study is part of the FormaSig project, which aims to support the development of …

We present a comprehensive model of railway operations written in the active object
language ABS. The model is based on specifications taken from the rulebooks of Deutsche …

Abstract The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is a state-of-the-art train
control system designed as a standard for railways across Europe. It generalises traditional …

We present Norma, a tool for the modeling and analysis of Relay-based Railways
Interlocking Systems (RRIS). Norma is the result of a research project funded by the Italian …