The incidence of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) is 1· 15–16· 9 per 100 000 children,
varying by ethnicity and region. The cause remains unknown but the pathogenesis of …

Cathepsins were originally identified as proteases that act in the lysosome. Recent work has
uncovered nontraditional roles for cathepsins in the extracellular space as well as in the …

Nephrotic syndrome is defined by nephrotic-range proteinuria (≥ 40 mg/m2/hour or urine
protein/creatinine ratio≥ 200 mg/mL or 3+ protein on urine dipstick), hypoalbuminaemia (< …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cancer are connected in a number of ways in both
directions: cancer can cause CKD either directly or indirectly through the adverse effects of …

Paraneoplastic glomerulopathies are rare manifestations of neoplastic disease to be
distinguished from iatrogenic renal damage. Solid tumors are preferentially associated with …

Paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis is a rare complication of malignancy that is frequently
mistaken for idiopathic glomerulonephritis. Failure to recognize paraneoplastic …

The therapeutic efficacy of B-cell depletion by anti-CD20 treatment in pediatric and, more
recently, in adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome patients suggests a key role of B cells in the …

Simple Summary Multifactorial diseases are caused by a combination of genetic and
environmental factors and various risk factors that accumulate with age. Cardiovascular …

The term idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (iNS) traditionally covers minimal change disease
and primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), now thought to be separate …

Leukemia and lymphoma are hematologic malignancies that can affect any age group.
Disease can be aggressive or indolent, often with multiorgan system involvement. Kidney …