A complete and optimized scheme of lettered marine isotope substages spanning the last
1.0 million years is proposed. Lettered substages for Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 were …

This article provides a comprehensive review of the global monsoon that encompasses
findings from studies of both modern monsoons and paleomonsoons. We introduce a …

Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions
were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming …

This text, written by a leading researcher in the field, describes the origin and formation of
lakes in order to give context to the question of how lacustrine deposits form. It explains the …

Paleohydrological data from the African tropics and subtropics, including lake, groundwater
and speleothem records, are reviewed to show how environments and climates from both …

Current evidence suggests that all of the major events in hominin evolution have occurred in
East Africa. Over the last two decades, there has been intensive work undertaken to …

The regional monsoons of the world have long been viewed as seasonal atmospheric
circulation reversal—analogous to a thermally-driven land-sea breeze on a continental …

Variations in the nature and extent of southern Africa's winter rainfall zone (WRZ) have the
potential to provide important information concerning the nature of long-term climate change …

Recent research has provided increasing support for the origins of anatomically and
genetically “modern” human populations in Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago …

Changes in the strength and position of Southern Hemisphere westerly winds during the
Last Glacial cycle have been invoked to explain both millennial and glacial–interglacial …