The year 2021 marks the 150th anniversary of the publication of Charles Darwin's
extraordinary book The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. Here, we review …

Male–female coevolution has taken different paths among closely related species, but our
understanding of the factors that govern its direction is limited. While it is clear that …

Competitive interactions shape the evolution of organisms. However, often it is not clear
whether competition is the driving force behind the patterns observed. The recent use of …

The reversal of conventional sex roles was enigmatic to Darwin, who suggested that it may
evolve when sex ratios are female biased [1]. Here we present direct evidence confirming …

Sexual selection sometimes favors male traits that benefit their bearers, but harm their
mates. The harmful effects of male traits may also extend to females of other species via …

Insect genitalia exhibit rapid divergent evolution. Truly extraordinary structures have evolved
in some groups, presumably as a result of postmating sexual selection. To increase our …

Phenotypic evolution driven by sexual selection can impact the fitness of individuals and
thus population performance through multiple mechanisms, but it is unresolved how and …

Predicting the strength and direction of sexual selection is a challenging task for
evolutionary theory, as the effects of ecological factors, social environment, and behavioural …

Highlights•Phenotypic condition has interactive effects on mating and reproductive
success.•Ejaculate size and mating interactions are resource dependent.•Male body size …

The thesis research provides insight into the evolutionary changes in response to long-term
manipulation of adult sex ratio and adult diet in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. I first …