The cellular immune response to the human immunodeficiency virus, mediated by T
lymphocytes, seems strong but fails to control the infection completely. In most virus …

With the numerous detailed molecular descriptions of antibody-antigen interfaces, the
structural study of these molecular interactions has evolved from an attempt to understand …

The mature capsids of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other retroviruses
are fullerene shells, composed of the viral CA protein, that enclose the viral genome and …

The mature capsids of HIV and other retroviruses organize and package the viral genome
and its associated enzymes for delivery into host cells. The HIV capsid is a fullerene cone: a …

The type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) contains a conical capsid comprising∼
1,500 CA protein subunits, which organizes the viral RNA genome for uncoating and …

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 initially assembles and buds as an immature
particle that is organized by the viral Gag polyprotein. Gag is then proteolyzed to produce …

Mutational escape by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
(CTL) recognition is a major challenge for vaccine design. However, recent studies suggest …

The capsids of mature retroviruses perform the essential function of organizing the viral
genome for efficient replication. These capsids are modeled as fullerene structures …

The high intensity of third-generation X-ray sources, along with the development of cryo-
cooling of protein crystals at temperatures around 100 K, have made it possible to extend …

Mature HIV-1 particles contain conical-shaped capsids that enclose the viral RNA genome
and perform essential functions in the virus life cycle. Previous structural analysis of two-and …