Conjugative plasmid transfer is one of the major mechanisms responsible for the spread of
antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. The incompatibility (Inc) 18 group of plasmids is a …

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram positive bacteria, widely distributed in nature, and
industrially important as they are used in a variety of industrial food fermentations. The use …

High-and low-copy-number shuttle cloning vectors were constructed by incorporating the
Escherichia coli P15A plasmid origin of replication into the pAMβ1-derived vectors, pIL252 …

Bacteria are the most ubiquitous of all organisms. Responsible for a number of diseases and
for many of the chemical cycles on which life depends, they are genetically adaptable. Vital …

The genus Lactococcus includes five species, viz. L. garviae, L. raffinolactis, L. plantarum, L.
piscium, and L. lactis (Schleifer et al., 1985; Williams et al., 1990). L. lactis represents the …

Plasmid pAM beta 1 from Enterococcus faecalis uses a unidirectional theta mode of
replication. We show here that this replication (i) is dependent on a plasmid-encoded …

The rapid increase of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in humans and livestock is concerning.
Antimicrobials are essential for the treatment of disease in modern day medicine, and their …

We describe, for the first time, a detailed electroporation procedure for Lactobacillus
delbrueckii. Three L. delbrueckii strains were successfully transformed. Under optimal …

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) from bacterial chromosomes came into focus in 2001, when
two groups independently discovered many small RNAs from intergenic regions of the …

A single‐strand initiation site was detected on the Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pAM beta 1
by its ability to prevent accumulation of single stranded DNA of a rolling circle plasmid, both …