It is generally believed that ablative laser therapies result in prolonged healing and greater
adverse events when compared with nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing. To evaluate the …

Fractional lasers were first developed based on observations of lasers designed for hair
transplantation. In 2007, ablative fractional laser resurfacing was introduced. The …

Importance The market for nonsurgical, energy-based facial rejuvenation techniques has
increased exponentially since lasers were first used for skin rejuvenation in 1983. Advances …

Background In the field of cosmetic medicine, patient satisfaction is an important and
common indicator used to measure the efficacy of the treatment. However, it is insufficient to …

Background The efficacy of facial muscle exercises (FMEs) for facial rejuvenation is
controversial. In the majority of previous studies, nonquantitative assessment tools were …

Background: As compared with ablative fractional CO2 laser, ablative fractional erbium-
doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser is considered to be a more suitable treatment …

Objective Physical treatment modalities, such as ablative fractional laser (AFL),
electrocautery, and cryotherapy, are extensively used in the field of dermatology. This study …

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the fractional
ablative carbon dioxide laser for facial rejuvenation. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine …

Purpose To evaluate the effect of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser treatment using
lower power associated with pulse stacking within collagen fibers, using second harmonic …

This chapter examines the historical development of the laser and the properties and
characteristics of the electromagnetic spectrum and light that make laser and intense light …