This Element presents the history, research, and future potential for an alternative and
effective model of policing called'legitimacy-based policing'. This model is driven by social …

Visual characteristics of the built environment affect how people perceive and experience
cities. For a long time, many studies have examined visual perception in cities. Such efforts …

Individuals enter police encounters with expectations about how these interactions will
unfold. These expectations are often rooted in racialized personal, vicarious, and collective …

Objective: Including people most impacted by a challenge in designing and implementing
solutions to that challenge has reemerged in social science research. In prison settings …

Purpose While there has been extensive research on the normative, instrumental, and social
explanations for cooperation with police, fewer studies have examined how personal, social …

Objectives Test the effects of police compliance with the restrictions on their authority
embedded in Social Contract Theory (SCT) on police legitimacy, satisfaction with the police …

Objectives This study tests deterrence theory and procedural justice theory in prisons.
Severe sanctions in prisons may deter detainees from misconduct. Recent research …

The process-based model of policing, emphasizing procedural justice and police legitimacy,
has emerged as a key theoretical framework for understanding police-community relations …

Scholars and policy makers rely on the theory of procedural justice (PJ) to further the twin
goals of improving police-civilian relations and reducing crime. Substantial PJ research …

Objectives: We examine whether procedurally just police–citizen interactions increase
police legitimacy in high-crime environments. Methods: We conducted an inperson …