The pandemic viral illness COVID-19 is especially life-threatening in the elderly and in those
with any of a variety of chronic medical conditions. This essay explores the possibility that …

This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet—including its structure, cell composition,
development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key …

The central and peripheral nervous systems play critical roles in regulating pancreatic islet
function and glucose metabolism. Over the last century, in vitro and in vivo studies along …

The NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-repeat-containing family, pyrin domain-
containing 3) inflammasome senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and …

Plasma glucose is tightly regulated via the secretion of the two glucose-regulating hormones
insulin and glucagon. Situated next to the insulin-secreting β-cells, the α-cells produce and …

Diabetes mellitus involves both insufficient insulin secretion and dysregulation of glucagon
secretion. In healthy people, a fall in plasma glucose stimulates glucagon release and …

Lysosomes play fundamental roles in material digestion, cellular clearance, recycling,
exocytosis, wound repair, Ca2+ signaling, nutrient signaling, and gene expression …

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) fail to secrete insulin in response to increased glucose
levels that occur with eating. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent …

Glucagon is the body's main hyperglycemic hormone, and its secretion is dysregulated in
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM). The incretin hormone glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is …

Aims/hypothesis Diabetes mellitus is associated with impaired insulin secretion, often
aggravated by oversecretion of glucagon. Therapeutic interventions should ideally correct …