Abstract Phosphatidylinositol (4, 5) bisphosphate (PI (4, 5) P2) has become a major focus in
biochemistry, cell biology and physiology owing to its diverse functions at the plasma …

Podosomes and invadopodia are actin-based dynamic protrusions of the plasma membrane
of metazoan cells that represent sites of attachment to—and degradation of—the …

Abstract Phospholipases D (PLD) and C (PLC) hydrolyze the phosphodiesteric linkages of
the head group of membrane phospholipids. PLDs and PLCs in plants occur in different …

Many cell phenomena that involve shape changes are affected by the intrinsic deformability
of the plasma membrane (PM). Far from being a passive participant, the PM is now known to …

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) use polarized secretion to rapidly destroy virally infected
and tumor cells. To understand the temporal relationships between key events leading to …

Cells generate and sustain mechanical forces within their environment as part of their
normal physiology. They are active materials that can detect mechanical stimulation by the …

Integrin-mediated cell adhesions provide dynamic, bidirectional links between the
extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Besides having central roles in cell migration and …

The retinal pigment epithelium-photoreceptor interphase is renewed each day in a stunning
display of cellular interdependence. While photoreceptors use photosensitive pigments to …

Once engaged by soluble or matrix-anchored ligands, cell surface proteins are commonly
sorted to lysosomal degradation through several endocytic pathways. Defective vesicular …

When cells undergo necrotic cell death in either physiological or pathophysiological settings
in vivo, they release highly immunogenic intracellular molecules and organelles into the …