Epidemiological studies with human populations indicate associations between maternal
infection during pregnancy and increased risk in offspring for central nervous system (CNS) …

Context: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that
increase the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular disease. The common …

Introduction Antenatal depression is associated with a broad range of suboptimal outcomes
in offspring, although the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. Animal studies …

There is growing evidence that stressors occurring during pregnancy can impair biological
and behavioral adaptation to stress in the adult offspring. Mechanisms by which stress in the …

We have shown that prenatal restraint stress (PNRS) induces higher levels of anxiety,
greater vulnerability to drugs, a phase advance in the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity …

Recent studies have shown that reduced fetal growth is associated with the development of
the insulin resistance syndrome in adult life. The mechanisms are not known. However …

Neuroendocrine studies strongly suggest that dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–
adrenocortical (HPA) system plays a causal role in the development and course of …

Exposure to hostile conditions results in a series of coordinated responses aimed at
enhancing the probability of survival. The activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary …

In recent years, we've developed a much better grasp of the biological and other factors
associated with the development of obesity. Reflecting our evolving understanding of …

Low birth weight is linked with raised blood pressure in adult life. Recent evidence has
suggested that a neuroendocrine disturbance involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal …