Over the past decade, there has been an unprecedented international focus on improved
quality and availability of medical care, which has reignited interest in clinical automation …

Regulating the depth of hypnosis during surgery is one of the major objectives of an
anesthesia infusion system. Continuous administration of Propofol infusion during surgical …

Anesthesia is considered as one of the most important part of any surgical operation due to
this it must be good monitored and controlled, ie the rate of infusion must be given an …

In general intravenous anesthesia, drugs must be given in a proper rate to ensure the safety
of the patient during the surgical operation. Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) …

General anesthesia is an essential component of any surgical procedure, requiring careful
monitoring and precise control. Administering the correct dosage is crucial to ensure the …

The goals of this paper are:(a) to investigate adaptive and fractional-order adaptive control
algorithms for an automatic anesthesia process, using a closed-loop system, and (b) to …

This study presents a fractional‐order adaptive high‐gain controller for control of depth of
anaesthesia. To determine the depth of anaesthesia, the bispectral index (BIS) is utilised. To …

Robustness is the capability of a designed control system to preserve its stability and
effectiveness in different conditions. This work inscribes a case study for designing a highly …