The novelty, saliency, and valency of ongoing experiences potently influence the firing rate
of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the locus coeruleus (LC). Associative experience, in …

Dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to limbic regions play a key
role in the initiation and maintenance of substance use; however, the relationship between …

Multiple brain regions need to coordinate activity to support cognitive flexibility and
behavioral adaptation. Neural activity in both the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex …

GPCR-based fluorescent sensors are widely used to correlate neuromodulatory signaling
with brain function. While experiments in transfected cells often reveal selectivity for …

Protein monoaminylation is a class of posttranslational modification (PTM) that contributes to
transcription, physiology and behavior. While recent analyses have focused on histones as …

When rodents learn to navigate in a novel environment, a high density of place fields
emerges at reward locations, fields elongate against the trajectory, and individual fields …

How external/internal 'state'is represented in the brain is crucial, since appropriate
representation enables goal-directed behavior. Recent studies suggest that state …

Opioid-induced respiratory depression (ORID) is the hallmark of opioid overdose and a
major risk factor for death due to fentanyl. While repeat opioid use (ROU) elevates the risk of …

How external/internal 'state'is represented in the brain is crucial, since appropriate
representation enables goal-directed behavior. Recent studies suggest that state …