Mendelian randomization (MR) is a term that applies to the use of genetic variation to
address causal questions about how modifiable exposures influence different outcomes …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) test hundreds of thousands of genetic variants
across many genomes to find those statistically associated with a specific trait or disease …

Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies allow a better understanding of the causal effects of
modifiable exposures on health outcomes, but the published evidence is often hampered by …

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method of studying the causal effects of modifiable
exposures (ie, potential risk factors) on health, social, and economic outcomes using genetic …

Gene–environment correlations affect associations between genetic variants and complex
traits in genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Here we showed in up to 43,516 British …

The Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT Study) is a population-based cohort study of the
adult population in Trøndelag County, Norway. It was previously called the Nord-Trøndelag …

This paper provides guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations. It is
aimed at practitioners seeking to undertake analyses and write up their findings, and at …

The observation of genetic correlations between disparate human traits has been
interpreted as evidence of widespread pleiotropy. Here, we introduce cross-trait assortative …

Evidence on the validity of drug targets from randomized trials is reliable but typically
expensive and slow to obtain. In contrast, evidence from conventional observational …

Mediation analysis seeks to explain the pathway (s) through which an exposure affects an
outcome. Traditional, non-instrumental variable methods for mediation analysis experience …