Nanopore sensing technology is an emerging analysis method with the advantages of
simple operation, high sensitivity, fast output and being label free, and it is widely used in …

Natural proteins are composed of 20 proteinogenic amino acids and their post-translational
modifications (PTMs). However, due to the lack of a suitable nanopore sensor that can …

Membrane‐spanning nanopores are used in label‐free single‐molecule sensing and next‐
generation portable nucleic acid sequencing, and as powerful research tools in biology …

RNA modifications play critical roles in the regulation of various biological processes and
are associated with many human diseases. Direct identification of RNA modifications by …

Saccharides play critical roles in many forms of cellular activities. Saccharide structures are
however complicated and similar, setting a technical hurdle for direct identification …

Alditols, which have a sweet taste but produce much lower calories than natural sugars, are
widely used as artificial sweeteners. Alditols are the reduced forms of monosaccharide …

Natural fruits contain a large variety of cis-diols. However, due to the lack of a high-
resolution sensor that can simultaneously identify all cis-diols without a need of complex …

Enantiomers, chiral isomers with opposite chirality, typically demonstrate differences in their
pharmacological activity, metabolism, and toxicity. However, direct discrimination between …

Isomers of some chemical compounds may be dynamically interconvertible. Due to a lack of
sensing methods with a sufficient resolution, however, direct monitoring of such processes …

Nucleoside drugs, which are analogues of natural nucleosides, have been widely applied in
the clinical treatment of viral infections and cancers. The development of nucleoside drugs …