Decades of experimental work have established an imbalance of excitation and inhibition as
the leading mechanism of the transition from normal brain function to seizure. In epilepsy …

Copper-containing enzymes perform fundamental functions by activating dioxygen (O 2) and
therefore allowing chemical energy-transfer for aerobic metabolism. The copper …

Mitochondria are central for various cellular processes that include ATP production,
intracellular Ca2+ signaling, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Neurons critically …

Fast-spiking, inhibitory interneurons–prototype is the parvalbumin-positive (PV+) basket cell–
generate action potentials at high frequency and synchronize the activity of numerous …

The recent identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter gene (Mcu/Ccdc109a) has
enabled us to address its role, and that of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, in neuronal …

Neuronal cytotoxic edema is the morphological correlate of the near-complete neuronal
battery breakdown called spreading depolarization, or conversely, spreading depolarization …

A role for mitochondria and oxidative stress is emerging in acquired epilepsies such as
temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). TLE is characterized by chronic unprovoked seizures arising …

Neuronal activation is fundamental to information processing by the brain and requires
mitochondrial energy metabolism. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by the mitochondrial Ca2+ …

This review covers two topics:(1)“membrane potential of low magnitude and related electric
fields (bioelectricity)” and (2)“cell migration under the guiding cue of electric fields (EF).” …

Parvalbumin (Pv)-positive inhibitory interneurons effectively control network excitability, and
their optogenetic activation has been reported to block epileptic seizures. An intense activity …