In the early 1980s, when Secretary of State George Shultz deplored “light switch diplomacy,”
and President Ronald Reagan criticized Jimmy Carter for restricting US agricultural exports …

The February 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine constituted a shock to the European
Security ecosystem, catapulting it into a new geopolitical era and potentially redistributing …

As is widely discussed throughout this Handbook, economic sanctions are policy
instruments that nation states (senders) impose on other nations (targets) with the objective …

The contributions to this Handbook demonstrate that the breadth and depth of research on
economic sanctions are expanding faster than ever before—with major implications for …

Economic sanctions are frequently used policy instruments in international politics. They are
employed to deal with a wide range of issues. Policymakers levy sanctions to cope with …

This working paper studies the case of the sanctions against the Russian war with the
Ukraine in 2022 against the background of four major and welldocumented historical …

The remarkable increase in the use of economic sanctions as a coercive tool of foreign
policy over the past quarter century has been accompanied by an equally rapid growth in …

This working paper studies the case of the sanctions against the Russian war with the
Ukraine in 2022 against the background of four major and well-documented historical …

The remarkable increase in the use of economic sanctions as a coercive tool of foreign
policy over the past quarter century has been accompanied by an equally rapid growth in …

This article examines the Montreux Convention (1936), governing the straits connecting the
Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It is a focus of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine …