The rapid development of intelligent and connected technologies is conducive to the
efficient energy utilization of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, most energy …

The hybrid energy storage system is a kind of complex system including state coupling, input
coupling, environmental sensitivity, life degradation, and other characteristics. How to …

Vehicle modularization has become an emerging trend in the automotive industry, leading to
research on modular configuration, composition, and related control strategies. In this paper …

Considering the changeable driving conditions in reality, energy management strategies for
fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles should be able to effectively distribute power demands …

Energy management strategy plays an important role in improving the fuel economy of
hybrid electric vehicles. In this paper, an energy management strategy optimized by dynamic …

In this paper, an adaptive energy management system consisting of off-line and online parts
is presented to improve the energy efficiency of a parallel hybrid electric bus. The off-line …

Long-haul heavy-duty vehicles, including trucks and coaches, contribute to a substantial
portion of the modern-day European carbon footprint and pose a major challenge in …

Mitigating CO2 emissions from long-haul commercial trucking is a major challenge that must
be addressed to achieve substantial reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from …

Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) based energy management strategy, which describes
the optimal power distribution of hybrid electric vehicle as Hamiltonian minimization …

abstract The hybrid electric propulsion system (HEPS) holds clear potential to support the
goal of sustainability in the automobile and aviation industry. As an important part of the …