Numerous modern technological and scientific advances have changed the vaccine
industry. However, nearly 70 years of influenza vaccine usage have passed without …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) possess a great zoonotic potential as they are able to infect
different avian and mammalian animal hosts, from which they can be transmitted to humans …

COVID-19 can result in severe lung injury. It remained to be determined why diabetic
individuals with uncontrolled glucose levels are more prone to develop the severe form of …

Abstract The outbreak of clade 2.3. 4.4 b highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the
H5N1 subtype (HPAI H5N1) in dairy cattle in the USA has so far resulted in spillover …

Favipiravir is a broad-spectrum antiviral that has shown promise in treatment of influenza
virus infections. While emergence of resistance has been observed for many antiinfluenza …

Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A viruses occasionally infect humans, but currently
do not transmit efficiently among humans. The viral haemagglutinin (HA) protein is a known …

The 2018–2019 period marks the centennial of the “Spanish” influenza pandemic, which
caused at least 50 million deaths worldwide. The unprecedented nature of the pandemic's …

The effectiveness of the annual influenza vaccine has declined in recent years, especially
for the H3N2 component, and is a concern for global public health. A major cause for this …

Influenza A viruses are a major cause of mortality. Given the potential for future lethal
pandemics, effective drugs are needed for the treatment of severe influenza such as that …

Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics that have claimed the
lives of millions. The emergence of new strains will continue to pose challenges to public …