In this paper we analyse the well known Needham-Schroeder Public-Key Protocol using
FDR, a refinement checker for CSP. We use FDR to discover an attack upon the protocol …

Many security protocols have the aim of authenticating one agent to another. Yet there is no
clear consensus in the academic literature about precisely what" authentication" means. We …

We study the interaction of the" new" construct with a rich but common form of (first-order)
communication. This interaction is crucial in security protocols, which are the main …

We introduce the spi calculus, an extension of the pi calculus designed for the description
and analysis of cryptographic protocols. We show how to use the spi calculus, particularly for …

Although there have been attempts to develop code transformations that yield tamper-
resistant software, no reliable software-only methods are known. This paper studies the …

Attacks against computer systems can cause considerable economic or physical damage.
High-quality development of security-critical systems is difficult, mainly because of the …

We study the interaction of the programming construct “new,” which generates statically
scoped names, with communication via messages on channels. This interaction is crucial in …

Recent technologies have cleared the way for large scale application of electronic
communication. The open and distributed nature of these communications implies that the …

Security protocols are one of the most critical elements in enabling the secure
communication and processing of information, ensuring its confidentiality, integrity …