Over the last two decades, a large number of non-communicable/chronic disorders reached
an epidemic level on a global scale such as diabetes mellitus type 2, cardio-vascular …

Biomarkers provide a powerful and dynamic approach to improve our understanding of the
mechanisms underlying ocular diseases with applications in diagnosis, disease modulation …

Dry eye disease (DED) is a commonly occurring, multifactorial disease characterized by
reduced tear film stability and hyperosmolarity at the ocular surface, leading to discomfort …

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by dysfunctional mucous membranes and
dysregulated moisture-secreting glands resulting in various symptoms, including dry mouth …

The innate immune response is the main pathophysiological process of ocular surface
diseases exposed to multiple environmental stresses. The epithelium is central to the innate …

Validated biomarkers to be used as biological tools for managing ocular surface diseases
(OSDs) are still an unmet need in daily clinical practice. Many studies have contributed to …

Background Dry eye disease (DED), arising from various etiologic factors, leads to tear film
instability, ocular surface damage, and neurosensory changes. DED causes symptoms such …

Dry eye is one of the most common chronic diseases in ophthalmology. It affects quality of
life and has become a public health problem that cannot be ignored. The current treatment …

The purpose of this study was to analyze inflammation-and pain-related molecules in tears
of patients suffering from chronic ocular pain associated with dry eye (DE) and/or a previous …

Introduction Early initiation of anti-inflammatory therapies is recommended for dry eye
disease (DED) to break the vicious cycle of pathophysiology. However, there is limited …