Owing to the importance of stem cell culture systems in clinical applications, researchers
have extensively studied them to optimize the culture conditions and increase efficiency of …

The past decades have witnessed significant efforts toward the development of three-
dimensional (3D) cell cultures as systems that better mimic in vivo physiology. Today, 3D …

Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown
therapeutic potential in recent studies. However, the corresponding therapeutic components …

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for basic research and clinical applications are
manufactured and developed as unique cell products by many different manufacturers and …

Multi‐cellular spheroids are formed as a 3D structure with dense cell–cell/cell–extracellular
matrix interactions, and thus, have been widely utilized as implantable therapeutics and …

Compared with traditional 2D adherent cell culture, 3D spheroidal cell aggregates, or
spheroids, are regarded as more physiological, and this technique has been exploited in the …

Cellular spheroids are aggregates of cells that are being explored to address fundamental
biological questions and as building blocks for engineered tissues. Spheroids possess …

Embryogenic developmental processes involve a tightly controlled regulation between
mechanical forces and biochemical cues such as growth factors, matrix proteins, and …

The efficiency of clinical trials involving transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal
cells (MSCs) is often insufficient due to harsh conditions present within the target tissue …

Current brain spheroids or organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
(hiPSCs) still lack a microglia component, the resident immune cells in the brain. The …