Cytokines are critical in regulating immune responses and cellular behavior, playing dual
roles in both normal physiology and the pathology of diseases such as cancer. These …

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that drives the
generation of myeloid cell subsets including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and …

Objective Neutrophils are prominent components of solid tumours and exhibit distinct
phenotypes in different tumour microenvironments. However, the nature, regulation, function …

Cytokine networks are crucial aspects of tumour immunology, particularly for colorectal
cancer (CRC), in which inflammation and antitumour immunity are key determinants of …

Neutrophils are myeloid cells that constitute 50–70% of all white blood cells in the human
circulation. Traditionally, neutrophils are viewed as the first line of defense against infections …

Background The proteome is a major source of therapeutic targets. We conducted a
proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) study to identify candidate protein markers …

Classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages are two
polarized subsets of macrophages at the extreme ends of a constructed continuum. In the …

The emergence of novel immunomodulatory cancer therapies over the last decade, above
all immune checkpoint blockade, has significantly advanced tumor treatment. For colorectal …

Cancer immunotherapy is a growing field. GM-CSF, a potent cytokine promoting the
differentiation of myeloid cells, can also be used as an immunostimulatory adjuvant to elicit …

Macrophages have a central role in numerous physiological processes, such as immune
defense, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and inflammation. Moreover …