Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious neuropsychiatric complication of cirrhosis and/or
porto-systemic shunting. The clinical symptoms are widely variable, extending from subtle …

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neurological disorder that occurs in patients with liver
insufficiency. However, its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Pharmacotherapy is …

Mechanosensitivity is a well-known feature of astrocytes, however, its underlying
mechanisms and functional significance remain unclear. There is evidence that astrocytes …

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), but
the mechanism remains unclear. GABAergic neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata …

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a reversible syndrome of impaired brain function occurring
in patients with advanced liver diseases. The precise pathophysiology of HE is still under …

Astrocytes support neuronal function by providing essential structural and nutritional
support, neurotransmitter trafficking and recycling and may also contribute to brain …

Ammonia is constantly produced as a metabolic waste from amino acid catabolism in
mammals. Ammonia, the toxic waste metabolite, is resolved in the liver where the urea cycle …

Background & Aims Neuronal function is exquisitely sensitive to alterations in the
extracellular environment. In patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE), accumulation of …

Background & Aims Increased plasma ammonia concentration and consequent disruption of
brain energy metabolism could underpin the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) …

Hepatic encephalopathy describes the array of neurological alterations that occur during
acute liver failure or chronic liver injury. While key players in the pathogenesis of hepatic …