The advent of ribosome profiling and other tools to probe mRNA translation has revealed
that codon bias—the uneven use of synonymous codons in the transcriptome—serves as a …

The eukaryotic 5′ untranslated region (UTR) is critical for ribosome recruitment to the
messenger RNA (mRNA) and start codon choice and plays a major role in the control of …

In addition to the main, protein-coding, open reading frame (mORF), many eukaryotic
mRNAs contain upstream ORFs (uORFs) initiated at AUG or near-cognate codons residing …

Although it was long thought that eukaryotic translation almost always initiates at an AUG
start codon, recent advancements in ribosome footprint mapping have revealed that non …

Heat causes protein misfolding and aggregation and, in eukaryotic cells, triggers
aggregation of proteins and RNA into stress granules. We have carried out extensive …

Ribosome profiling has emerged as a technique for measuring translation comprehensively
and quantitatively by deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments. By …

Ribosomes undergo substantial conformational changes during translation elongation to
accommodate incoming aminoacyl-tRNAs and translocate along the mRNA template. We …

The translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein and the folding of the resulting
protein into an active form are prerequisites for virtually every cellular process and represent …

RNA-sequencing protocols can quantify gene expression regulation from transcription to
protein synthesis. Ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) maps the positions of translating ribosomes …

The genetic code is degenerate, and most amino acids are encoded by two to six
synonymous codons. Codon usage bias, the preference for certain synonymous codons, is a …