The concept of stress is notoriously difficult to define, despite its ubiquity in both common
parlance and the scientific literature. Given the clear importance of understanding how …

Recent advancements in stress physiology, driven by the relevance of the stress response in
animal welfare and conservation, have focused on alternative techniques beyond blood …

Social relationships may influence circulating glucocorticoid levels, particularly in group-
living species in which individuals regularly engage in interactions with conspecifics. The …

Wildlife populations across the globe are poised to lose their natural habitat to urbanization,
yet there is limited information on how different species handle living in cities. Animals in …

In order to navigate within-group competition and maximise fitness, strategies have evolved
in group-living animals, including social dominance ranks and affiliative relationships. Both …

An individual's social environment can profoundly affect many aspects of their biology,
including their behavior, reproductive success, physiology, and survival. Facultatively social …

Stress is a biological response in the form of physiological, biochemical, hematological, and
behavioral changes to internal or external stimuli that threaten the homeostasis of living …

The extent to which an individual interacts with other members of a population underlies the
structure of a species' social network. Animal social networks describe the level of …

Stress is a biological response in the form of physiological, biochemical, hematological, and
behavioral changes to internal or external stimuli that threaten the homeostasis of living …

At the interface between human association with reptiles and the resultant impacts on these
animals resides the issue of artificial pressures and effects on organismal coping strategies …