Vigilance allows animals to monitor their surroundings for signs of danger associated with
predators or rivals. As vigilance is costly, models predict that it should increase when the risk …

Highlights•Female pheasants' cognitive performance is enhanced when in larger
groups.•Learning performance is responsive to the current social environment.•This has …

Animals may form groups for different reasons, and one major benefit of grouping in many
species is reduced predation risk. In diurnal species, vigilance is used to detect predators …

Birds invest time and resources in escape behaviors, thus changing their foraging strategies,
habitat selection, and even reproduction. Flight initiation distance (FID) and the distance at …

The cost-benefit of social behavior depends on group size and the social interaction. As
group size increases, competition for resources increases, while individual vigilance may …

Vigilance in animals, crucial for predator detection, impacts survival and reproduction by
diverting time from activities like foraging and mating. Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala) …

Natural selection is expected to favor the evolution of threat-sensitive behaviors that permit
individuals to adaptively detect and respond to danger. However, because time allocated to …

Highlights•We found evidence for possible long-term relationships in eastern grey
kangaroos.•Social individuals were more likely to establish potential long-term …

Social environments influence important ecological processes and can determine how
selection acts on traits. Cognitive abilities can shape these social environments and in turn …

Many animals breed colonially, often in dense clusters, representing a complex social
environment with cognitive demands that could ultimately impact individual fitness …