In the final steps of energy conservation in aerobic organisms, free energy from electron
transfer through the respiratory chain is transduced into a proton electrochemical gradient …

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria primarily grow by the oxidation of
ammonium coupled to nitrite reduction, using CO2 as the sole carbon source. Although they …

The origin of oxygenic photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria led to the rise of oxygen on Earth~
2.3 billion years ago, profoundly altering the course of evolution by facilitating the …

Heme-copper oxidases (HCOs) are terminal enzymes on the mitochondrial or bacterial
respiratory electron transport chain, which utilize a unique heterobinuclear active site to …

Nitrogen is an essential element of life that needs to be assimilated in its most reduced form,
ammonium. On the other hand, nitrogen exists in a multitude of oxidation states and …

Microbial methane oxidation is an important process to reduce the emission of the
greenhouse gas methane. Anaerobic microorganisms couple the oxidation of methane to …

Cytochrome bd oxidases are terminal reductases of bacterial and archaeal respiratory
chains. The enzyme couples the oxidation of ubiquinol or menaquinol with the reduction of …

Cytochrome bd quinol: O2 oxidoreductases are respiratory terminal oxidases so far only
identified in prokaryotes, including several pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli contains …

Heme–copper oxygen reductases (HCO) reduce O2 to water being the last enzymatic
complexes of most aerobic respiratory chains. These enzymes promote energy conservation …

In principle, iron oxidation can fuel significant primary productivity and nutrient cycling in
dark environments such as the deep sea. However, we have an extremely limited …