Solutions to practical optimal control problems (OCPs) may consist of control profiles that
switch between control limits or assume values interior to their admissible set, either due to …

Optimal control problems (OCPs) with a control-affine Hamiltonian may lead to extremal
solutions with singular control arcs. The presence of singular control arcs along with multiple …

Solar-powered electric propulsion systems can operate in multiple modes and their
operation is coupled to the power generated by solar arrays. However, the power produced …

This paper proposes a new type of smoothing homotopy method for solving general
nonlinear optimal control problems via the indirect method, leveraging the Mainardi kernel …

The reachable set of controlled dynamical systems consist of the set of all possible
reachable states from a given initial condition, over a certain period of time, under the …

Solving practical optimal control problems (OCPs) that consist of multiple state, path, and
control equality and inequality constraints can become challenging, but is necessary for …

We propose a novel generalized indirect method for solving complex nonlinear optimal
control problems (OCPs). The method is a multi-control Generalized Vectorized …

TRAJECTORY optimization plays a crucial role in the efficient design and operation of
modern spacecraft [1]. Advances made in the field of space propulsion have led to the …

Solutions to nonlinear optimal control problems (OCPs) exhibit dispersions under model
uncertainties and it is desirable to generate optimal solutions that exhibit less sensitivity to …

NUMEROUS new space missions attempt to satisfy the increas-ing need for exploration and
exploitation of space. The space economy is rapidly increasing, and the interest in new …