Electroactive Polymer Actuators as Arti cial Muscles Page 1 213 6 Electroactive Polymer
Actuators as Artificial Muscles Yoseph Bar-Cohen California Institute of Technology …

An equivalent circuit model for the unloaded piezoelectric vibrator in the thickness mode is
presented. The model contains two branches, the motional branch and the static branch, like …

An iterative automatic method is described for the characterization of lossy piezoelectric
materials in the radial resonance mode based on the use of the more general expression for …

An automatic iterative method by which material constants of piezoelectric ceramics may be
determined in complex form is described. Measurements are reported on samples with …

Implementing piezoelectric materials as actuators, vibrators, resonators, and transducers
requires the availability of a properties database and scaling laws to allow the actuator or …

The vibration and electrical characteristics of transducer is determined by material
coefficients and geometry, with material coefficients being susceptible to factors including …

We describe a new method for determining the real and imaginary parts of the material
constants of piezoelectric resonators. Our method is applicable to any of the common …

We present an approach enabling entire characterization of piezoceramic materials.
Contrary to the IEEE/CENELEC Standard on Piezoelectricity, which is commonly applied for …

In the theoretical design and analysis of the sandwich piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer,
the transducer is considered to be an ideal linear system, where the dielectric, piezoelectric …

Equivalent circuit models for unloaded piezoelectric vibrators are presented. The new circuit
model includes terms which take into account the dielectric and piezoelectric loss as well as …