Fear memory is the best-studied form of memory. It was thoroughly investigated in the past
60 years mostly using two classical conditioning procedures (contextual fear conditioning …

▪ Abstract Learning the relationships between aversive events and the environmental stimuli
that predict such events is essential to the survival of organisms throughout the animal …

Of the many conceptual distinctions present in psychology today, the approach-avoidance
distinction stands out as one of, if not the, most fundamental and basic. The distinction …

Pavlovian or classical fear conditioning is recognized as a model system to investigate the
neurobiological mechanisms of learning and memory in the mammalian brain and to …

We report that, in the rat, administering insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II, also known as
IGF2) significantly enhances memory retention and prevents forgetting. Inhibitory avoidance …

Examines the effects of amygdala, hippocampus, and periaqueductal gray (PAG) lesions on
contextual fear conditioning in 48 female rats. Freezing behavior served as the measure of …

This important volume defines the state of the art in the field of emotion and memory by
offering a blend of research review, unpublished findings, and theory on topics related to its …

Learning of new information is transformed into long-lasting memory through a process
known as consolidation, which requires protein synthesis. Classical theory held that once …

Rats were given 10 light-shock pairings on 2 successive days. At 24–48 hr following
training, groups of rats received bilateral transection of the cerebellar peduncles, bilateral …

The neuroanatomical and molecular basis of fear memory retrieval was studied by analyzing
the expression of the plasticity-associated immediate early gene zif268. Cellular quantitative …