Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death characterized by cell swelling and osmotic
lysis, resulting in cytomembrane rupture and release of immunostimulatory components …

Macrophage-myofibroblast transformation (MMT) has emerged as a discovery in the field of
fibrotic disease research. MMT is the process by which macrophages differentiate into …

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition in the oral cavity, which is
closely related to the myofibroblast conversion of buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) after …

Aging is a complex biological process that involves the gradual decline of cellular, tissue,
and organ functions. In kidney, aging manifests as tubular atrophy, glomerulosclerosis, and …

Background Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) often results in renal impairment. While the
presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is consistently observed, their specific …

Fibrosis, a complex pathological process characterized by excessive deposition of
extracellular matrix components, leads to tissue scarring and dysfunction. Emerging …

Background Oxalate nephropathy is characterized by calcium oxalate crystals deposition,
which triggers necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells and initiates an inflammatory cascade …

Summary Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a bioactive metabolite of gut microbes, plays a
pivotal role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases by activating programmed cell death …