Melatonin is ubiquitous molecule with wide distribution in nature and is produced by many
living organisms. In human beings, pineal gland is the major site for melatonin production …

Nociception is the process whereby primary afferent nerve fibers of the somatosensory
system detect noxious stimuli. Pungent irritants from pepper, mint, and mustard plants have …

Sensory neurons are distinguished by distinct signaling networks and receptive
characteristics. Thus, sensory neuron types can be defined by linking transcriptome-based …

Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain adapts with pain, as well as imparts risk
for developing chronic pain. Within this context, we revisit the concepts for nociception, acute …

The nervous system detects and interprets a wide range of thermal and mechanical stimuli,
as well as environmental and endogenous chemical irritants. When intense, these stimuli …

Neuropathic pain refers to pain that originates from pathology of the nervous system.
Diabetes, infection (herpes zoster), nerve compression, nerve trauma," channelopathies," …

Acupuncture has been accepted to effectively treat chronic pain by inserting needles into the
specific “acupuncture points”(acupoints) on the patient's body. During the last decades, our …

Tissue damage evokes an inflammatory response that promotes the removal of harmful
stimuli, tissue repair, and protective behaviors to prevent further damage and encourage …

We compared brain activations in response to acute noxious thermal stimuli in controls and
chronic back pain (CBP) patients. Pain perception and related cortical activation patterns …

Many pain states begin with damage to tissue and/or nerves in the periphery, leading to
enhanced transmitter release within the spinal cord and central sensitization. Manifestations …