Background Obtaining an optimal flower temperature can be crucial for plant reproduction
because temperature mediates flower growth and development, pollen and ovule viability …

Natural selection acts on phenotypic trait variation. Understanding the mechanisms that
create and maintain trait variation is fundamental to understanding the breadth of diversity …

Flavonoid pigments are key determinants of flower colors. As absorption spectra of
flavonoids are known to be severely pH-dependent, cellular pH will play a crucial role in …

Key message We review the main genes underlying commercial traits in cut flower species
and critically discuss the possibility to apply genome editing approaches to produce novel …

The high variability observed in floral traits has been interpreted as resulting from the
adaptation of plants to pollinators, as the latter present innate preferences for specific floral …

Blue is a favored color of many humans. While blue skies and oceans are a common visual
experience, this color is less frequently observed in flowers. We first review how blue has …

The pollination syndrome concept has provided powerful utility in understanding the
evolution and adaptation of floral traits. However, the utility of this conception has been …

Petals are typified by their conical epidermal cells that play a predominant role for the
attraction and interaction with pollinators. However, cell identities in the petal can be very …

Aims Bee-pollinated flowers are rarely red, presumably because bees (which lack red
receptors) have difficulty detecting red targets. Although the response of bees to red colour …

Studies on animal colour vision typically focus on the chromatic aspect of colour, which is
related to the spectral distribution, and disregard the achromatic aspect, which is related to …