Life is a non‐equilibrium state of matter maintained at the expense of energy. Nature uses
predominantly chemical energy stored in thermodynamically activated, but kinetically stable …

Supramolecular polymerization can be controlled in space and time by chemical fuels. A
nonassembled monomer is activated by the fuel and subsequently self-assembles into a …

Precise nanomedicine has been extensively explored for efficient cancer imaging and
targeted cancer therapy, as evidenced by a few breakthroughs in their preclinical and …

The field of supramolecular chemistry and molecular self-assembly has entered a new
phase in which the use of chemical reactions to create out-of-equilibrium molecular …

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a central metabolite that plays an indispensable role in
various cellular processes, from energy supply to cell‐to‐cell signaling. Nature has …

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecular unit of energy that drives various processes in
the cellular environment. In this Minireview, we discuss the potential of physical and …

The movements of soft living tissues, such as muscle, have sparked a strong interest in the
design of hydrogel actuators; however, so far, typical manmade examples still lag behind …

We introduce pathway complexity on a multicomponent systems level in chemically fueled
transient DNA polymerization systems, achieving autonomous evolution over multiple …

Biological systems organize multiple hierarchical structures in parallel, and create dynamic
assemblies and functions by energy dissipation. In contrast, emerging artificial non …

Some anti-cancer drugs have poor solubility and availability, and are easily eliminated by
rapid metabolism in vivo. To fix the drugs at the administration site and delay their release, a …