Studies in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease
and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and so on, have suggested that …

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed in non-enzymatic reaction, oxidation,
rearrangement and cross-linking between the active carbonyl groups of reducing sugars …

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic
neurons, but the exact disease aetiology remains largely unknown. To date, Parkinson's …

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are potentially harmful and heterogeneous
molecules derived from nonenzymatic glycation. The pathological implications of AGEs are …

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger molecules that
are released from damaged or dying cells and activate the innate immune system by …

Multiple lines of evidence indicate that immune system dysfunction has a role in Parkinson
disease (PD); this evidence includes clinical and genetic associations between autoimmune …

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of vascular cells, glial cells, and neurons. As a
fundamental functional module in the central nervous system, the NVU maintains …

S100B is a Ca2+‐binding protein mainly concentrated in astrocytes. Its levels in biological
fluids (cerebrospinal fluid, peripheral and cord blood, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid) are …

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a non-specific multi-ligand
pattern recognition receptor capable of binding to a range of structurally diverse ligands …

In order to better understand the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease (PD) it is important to
consider possible contributory factors inherent to the aging process, as age-related changes …