This review aims at synthesizing the most relevant information regarding the
neuroendocrine circuits controlling reproduction, mainly gonadotropin release, in teleost …

BACKGROUND Human reproduction depends on an intact hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal
(HPG) axis. Hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been recognized …

Cell migration is a fundamental process that occurs during embryo development. Classic
studies using in vitro culture systems have been instrumental in dissecting the principles of …

This review presents a comprehensive discussion of the clinical condition of delayed
puberty, a common presentation to the pediatric endocrinologist, which may present both …

Cranial placodes (which include the adenohypophyseal, olfactory, lens, otic, lateral line,
profundal/trigeminal, and epibranchial placodes) give rise to many sense organs and …

GnRH neurons follow a carefully orchestrated journey from their birth in the olfactory
placode area. Initially, they migrate along with the vomeronasal nerve into the brain at the …

Early or late pubertal onset affects up to 5% of adolescents and is associated with adverse
health and psychosocial outcomes. Self‐limited delayed puberty (DP) segregates …

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetic disease characterized by hypogonadotropic
hypogonadism and impaired sense of smell. The genetic causes underlying this syndrome …

Brain development is an organized, but constantly adaptive, process in which genetic and
epigenetic signals allow neurons to differentiate, to migrate, and to develop correct …

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons originate outside the CNS in the olfactory
placode and migrate into the CNS, where they become integral components of the …