Bacterial attachment to biomaterials is of great interest to the medical and dental field due to
its impact on dental implants, dental prostheses, and others, leading to the need to introduce …

Pathogens that infect the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are subjected to intense
pressure due to the environmental conditions of the surroundings. This pressure has led to …

Background Biofilms are microorganisms community embedded in the self-secreted
extracellular polymeric substances, which can provide microbes with strong tolerance and …

Bacteria use dedicated mechanisms to respond adequately to fluctuating environments and
to optimize their chances of survival in harsh conditions. One of the major stress responses …

Antibiotic failure not only is due to the development of resistance by pathogens but can also
often be explained by persistence and tolerance. Persistence and tolerance can be included …

Coupled transcription-translation (CTT) is a hallmark of prokaryotic gene expression. CTT
occurs when ribosomes associate with and initiate translation of mRNAs whose transcription …

Antibiotic resistance is a massive and serious threat to human welfare and healthcare. Apart
from being genetically resistant to antibiotics, the other important mechanism by which …

Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious challenges that the world is currently facing.
The number of people succumbing to drug-resistant infections is increasing every day, but …

In 1969, Cashel and Gallant first observed the presence of (p) ppGpp—the signaling
molecule of the stringent response—in starved bacterial cells. Fifty years later,(p) ppGpp and …

The stringent response enables Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to shut down its
replication and metabolism under various stresses. Here we show that Mtb lacking the …